Roma invicta fate4/27/2023 ![]() Īfter this, the legion was probably part of the imperial army in the Rhine borderlands that was campaigning against the Germanic tribes. ![]() The nickname Hispana ("stationed in Hispania") is first found during the reign of Augustus and probably originated at that time. With Octavian, whom the Senate later titled Augustus, established as sole ruler of the Roman world, the legion was sent to Hispania to take part in the large-scale campaign against the Cantabrians (25–19 BC). Memorial to Lucius Duccius Rufinus, a standard bearer of the Ninth, Yorkshire Museum, York The Ninth remained with Octavian in his war of 31 BC against Mark Antony and fought by his side in the Battle of Actium. After defeating Sextus, they were sent to the province of Macedonia. (p 133) Octavian later recalled the veterans of the Ninth to fight against the rebellion of Sextus Pompeius in Sicily. įollowing Caesar's assassination, Caesar's ally Ventidius Bassus made attempts to recreate the 7th, 8th, and 9th legions, but "it is not clear that any of these survived even to the time of Philippi". After his final victory, Caesar disbanded the legion and settled the veterans in the area of Picenum. The Caesarian Ninth Legion fought in the battles of Dyrrhachium and Pharsalus (48 BC) and in the African campaign of 46 BC. (p 208) Caesar created two more legions (XI and XII), using all six for his attack on the Helvetii initiating the Gallic wars. The Ninth (IX) may have been quartered in Aquileia "to guard against attacks from the Illyrians". When Julius Caesar became governor of Cisalpine Gaul in 58 BC, he inherited four legions, numbered VII, VIII, IX, X, that were already based there. The origin of the legion is uncertain, but a 9th legion seems to have participated in the siege of Asculum during the Social War in 90 BC. 193–211 AD), as it is not included in two identical but independent lists of the 33 legions existing in this period. In any event, it is clear that the IX Hispana did not exist during the reign of the emperor Septimius Severus (r. : ch. 12 However, some scholars have ascribed the Nijmegen evidence to a mere detachment of IX Hispana, not the whole legion. Suggestions include the Bar Kokhba revolt (132–135 AD) or Marcus Aurelius's war against Parthia (161–166 AD) in Armenia. : ch. 11 The Nijmegen evidence has led to suggestions that IX Hispana was destroyed in later conflicts of the 2nd century. 120 AD, later than the legion's supposed annihilation in Britain. This theory fell out of favour among modern scholars as successive inscriptions of IX Hispana were found in the site of the legionary base at Nijmegen (Netherlands), suggesting the Ninth may have been based there from c. This view was popularised by the 1954 novel The Eagle of the Ninth in which the legion is said to have marched into Caledonia (modern-day Scotland), after which it was "never heard of again". One theory (per historian Theodor Mommsen) was that the legion was wiped out in action in northern Britain soon after 108 AD, the date of the latest datable inscription of the Ninth found in Britain, perhaps during a rising of northern tribes against Roman rule. The unknown fate of the legion has been the subject of considerable research and speculation. 120 AD and there is no extant account of what happened to it. The legion disappears from surviving Roman records after c. It was stationed in Britain following the Roman invasion in 43 AD. The legion fought in various provinces of the late Roman Republic and early Roman Empire. Legio IX Hispana ("9th Spanish Legion"), also written Legio VIIII Hispana, was a legion of the Imperial Roman army that existed from the 1st century BC until at least 120 AD.
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